Genetically+Modified+Organisms

Students from all three of my AP  will upload source-data here.

Debate topic: The **benefits** of genetically modified organisms **outweigh** any potential short- or long-term **costs**.


 * Debate teams:**
 * Period 2: Pro:** Priya, Maria, Anusha vs. **Con:** Kelly, Olivia, Kirsten
 * Period 4: Pro:** Ananya, Michael, Anish vs. **Con:** Margot, Dennis, Anjali (Mon, 11.25)
 * Period 8: Pro**: Emily, Melissa, Charlene, Jesse vs. **Con:** Monica, Randi, Robbie (Mon, 12.2)


 * What to post:**
 * source title (hyperlink to the source if available)
 * Your name (first & last)
 * Author's name
 * a SOAPSTone for the source (Subject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Speaker, Tone)
 * 2-3 key quotes


 * How many of these to post:**
 * At least three per student by Sun. night
 * Careful not to post over/delete someone else's work
 * consider taking notes in another document and then copy/pasting in


 * Where to post? Right here in the space below.**

Priya:

[|__http://findourcommonground.com/food-facts/gmo-foods/__]
====Subject: Genetically Modified Organisms and their relation to agriculture and safety ==== ====Objective: People are concerned about how safe GMOs are and what dangers they may bring ==== ====Audience: Students, those who are concerned about GMO safety, the public, researchers ==== ====Purpose: To show the benefits of food biotechnology on agriculture and state what we know about the safety of GMO use so far ==== ====Speaker: Those who co-wrote for CommonGround, scientists or researchers with evidence ====

Tone: Informative, assuring, objective, formal
====Key Quotes:This increased availability of crops provides significant economic gains to farmers in developing countries ====

Priya:
====__ [] __ ====

Subject: The benefits and drawbacks of GMOs
====Objective: Some people are not aware about GMOs and are confused as to what exactly they are eating ==== ====Audience: People who are confused about the pros and cons of GMOs and want to learn more about it, anyone who wants to know both sides of the arguement ==== ====Purpose: Clear up the confusion, clarify the benefits and negatives of GMOs ====

Tone: Informative, objective, formal
====Key Quotes: GMOs may not be natural, but not everything natural is good for us, and not everything unnatural is bad for us. ====

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">__ [] __
====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Subject: Genetically Modified Organisms, the concerns that revolve around them, the advantages they provide and government regulation ==== ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Objective: GMOs are relatively new and clarity is needed on the topic, both sides should be heard about the controversial issue ==== ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Audience: Scientists, researchers, the public, anyone who is concerned, curious or intrigued and wants to learn more ==== ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Purpose: Inform the public about GMOs and what their effects will be on society ====

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tone: Informative, serious, formal
====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Key Quotes: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5e6053; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">I will attempt to summarize the issues involved and explain the U.S. government's present role in regulating GM food. ====

[](Robbie)

Subject: An informational page that gives facts about GMO's and how it effects the world Occasion: This was written to give thorough unbiased information on GMO's Audience: For anyone who is interested in learning about GMO's, general public Purpose: To educate people about GM crops and how they can effect the world Speaker: Author Tone: Informational, unbiased Quotes: "Inexpensive, safe and nutritious foods are needed to feed the world’s growing population. Genetic modification may provide..." "Concerns about genetic modification of food raised by scientists, community groups and members of the public include..."

https://www.cncahealth.com/explore/learn/nutrition-food/youre-already-eating-genetically-modified-foods-are-they-safe#.UpLTiOKQNJM (Robbie)

Subject: This page is giving statistics/information about how genetically modified foods are not safe Occasion: This was written to teach the general public how genetically modified foods are not safe by giving reliable thorough information Audience: For people researching the topic or for people curious about the topic Purpose: To educate people on how the ingestion of genetically modified foods is bad for humans, and to educate people on genetically modified crops Speaker: Author Tone: Informational, serious, objective Quotes: "<span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Although public health agencies like the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) support the use of biotechnology like genetic modification, there is major controversy over their use, particularly regarding a lack of safety studies, proven benefit and proper labeling."

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">"A review of 19 studies in which animals were fed GM soybeans and corn found that the GM diet led to liver and kidney problems that could be the onset of chronic disease."

[|http://www.buzzle.com/articles/genetically-modified-organisms-pros-and-cons.html](Robbie)

Subject: The topic in this article is about the pros and cons of genetically modified organisms. Occasion: This text was created to give a pro's and con's list about genetically modifed foods, and to give some general information on GMO's. Audience: General public, GMO researchers Purpose: The purpose of this text is to give people a quick read on how GMO's are good and how they are bad. Speaker: Author Tone: Informative, unbiased, serious Quotes: "The genetically modified organisms or GMOs are the animals and plants that are genetically modified in order to develop the useful or desired traits." "Let us understand the pros and cons of genetically modified organisms with the help of details presented below."

[] (Anusha)

[] (Anusha Prasad) Subject: GMO foods Occasion: to give information about the safety of GMOs Audience: researchers, students, consumers, people interested in the subject of GMOs Purpose: to give accurate and reliable information on the subject matter Speaker: informed researchers, Common Ground Tone: informative Key quotes: “WHO defines GMOs as organisms in which the genetic material (DNA) has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally.” “Biotechnology allows for more food to be grown in more places” “significant economic gains to farmers in developing countries”

[] (Anusha +Kelly Sodano)

[] (Anusha Prasad) Subject: the safety of GMO's Occasion: Resolving the issue of the safety of GMO's  Audience: Scientists, general public, those interested in GMO's, consumers Purpose: To provide proof that GMO's are safe and can be used in daily life Tone: Informative, conversational Key Quotes: "Within the scientific community, the debate over the safety of GM foods is over." "The scientific consensus is that GMOs do not pose risks to our health..." "Researchers, biotech companies, and regulators need to settle on an appropriately rigorous, transparent, and independent safety testing process for all new crops, one whose methods and results are publicly available."

[] (Olivia Noë) Subject: Arguments about the usage of GMO's Occasion: Debating GMO's, unresolved argument about the use of GMO's Audience: Scientists, government, general public, those interested in GMO's, students in genetics Purpose: Present the positives and the negatives of genetically modified organisms Speaker: John Biewen, scientists, biotechnology companies, general public Tone: Informative, serious, objective, informal, reflective Key Quotes: "Bioengineered crops will do wide-reaching damage to the environment. Insect-resistant crops may harm species that are not their target, such as monarch butterflies" "Biotech companies themselves reap the benefits of GM technology"

[] (Kelly Sodano)

[] (Anusha Prasad) Subject: Genetically modified organisms and their safety and the advantages to using them Objective: To provide accurate information on GMO's Audience: students, researchers, those concerned about GMO safety Purpose: To educate readers on the impact what they eat could have Speaker: Monsanto, the researchers Tone: Informative, persuasive. Key quotes: "**<span style="background-color: #f0eddf; color: #2b1f12; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">our research teams conduct years of field trials and comprehensive testing" " ****<span style="background-color: #f0eddf; color: #2b1f12; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">regulatory agencies worldwide then review all of the data for each potential product" " ****<span style="background-color: #f0eddf; color: #2b1f12; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">The science and safety behind genetic modification and other advanced breeding techniques are well-established and strongly supported by the scientific community." **

[] (Kelly Sodano)

[|http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=VZ2TAIi4q54C&oi=fnd&pg=PA347&dq=health+effects+of+genetically+modified+foods&ots=BVmCb6JJaN&sig=3Tjxbvi25uhN82BGDSLiRPu0U2Y#v=onepage&q=health%20effects%20of%20genetically%20modified%20foods&f=false] (Kirsten) Subject: Genetically modified organisms Occasion: To educate readers on potential effects on human health GMOs might have Audience: Consumers, scholars Purpose: To educate readers on potential effects on human health GMOs might have Speaker: Pusztai, Bardocz, Ewen Tone: Academic, informative

[] (Kirsten) Subject: The pros and cons of genetically modified foods Occasion: To educate readers Audience: Average consumers Purpose: To educate readers Speaker: Sean Dugan Tone: Casually informative Quotes: " Genetic modification is the artificial processes of insertion, mutation and deletion of genes in organisms and more often than not focuses on transgenic genes – the introduction of desirable genes from one organism to another."

[] (Olivia Noë) Subject: Risks of GMO's, What GMO's are Occasion: Deciding whether GMO's should be used for public consumption Audience: Consumers, Biotech companies, anyone interested in knowing the risks associated with genetically modified organisms Purpose: Explain the harmful effects of GMO's and why they should not be used for consumption Speaker: Author, anyone who has studied GMO's Tone: Serious, unbiased, firm, informative Key Quotes: " The Center for Food Safety (CFS) states the environmental impacts of GMOs will include an 'uncontrolled biological pollution, threatening numerous microbial, plant and animal species with extinction, and a potential contamination of all non-genetically e ngineered life forms'" " the test animals also showed increased weight gain, increased appetite, decreased immune function, an inability to properly digest proteins, as well as a different intestinal microstructure"

[] (Olivia Noë+Kelly Sodano) Subject: Occasion: Audience: Purpose: Speaker: Tone: Key Quotes:

[] (Olivia Noë) Subject: Harmful effect of GMO's, the regulation of GMO testing Occasion: Disproving pro-GMO claims, potential impacts on the environment and economy Audience: Author, scientists, general public, consumers, biotech companies, students Purpose: Educate people on the harmful effects that GM crops will have on farmers, consumers, and the environment Speaker: Nathan Batalion, scientists, PhD students, researchers, biotechnology companies, general public, consumers, government officials Tone: Informal, objective, instructive, serious, reflective Key Quotes: " As a result of this research "the American Academy of Environmental Medicine (AAEM) called on 'Physicians to educate their patients, the medical community, and the public to avoid GM (genetically modified) foods when possible and provide educational materials concerning GM foods and health risks.'"

[] (Olivia Noë) Subject: Environmental safety of GM crops, biodiversity Occasion: Argument about the usage of GM crops, studying the environment impacts the GM products already have Audience: Scientists, author, researchers, consumers, PhD students, students taking genetics, general public, government officials Purpose: State the environmental hazards of GM crops Speaker: Author, environmental impact researchers, scientist, government Tone: Informative, objective, serious, formal Key Quotes: "potentially enabling them to out-compete other species" " researchers must determine if specific GM cropping systems lessen or improve biodiversity with relation to conventional crops and see if any differences are of significance"

[] (Anusha)

[] (Anusha)

[] (Dennis)

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #1155cc; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">@http://www.vegangmo.com/ (Dennis)

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #1155cc; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">@http://www.monsanto.com/newsviews/Pages/food-safety.aspx (Dennis)

[] (Dennis)

S: GMOs in foods and their effect on society O: GMOs can be sold in our country without being labeled A: Any one in the U.S. or the world, especially consumers buying relevant foods, and the big bio-tech companies P: To inform consumers about which products contain GMOs, and to spread the word about GMOs. S: The non-GMO project leaders, and health professionals in general. Tone: Instructive, firm, serious, passionate D: Information in text form, not charts. Friendly, earthy <span style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1c7dff; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; height: auto; padding-bottom: 1px; width: auto;">__web design__ . Easy way to get involved. Kid eating corn.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #1155cc; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">@http://www.naturalnews.com/041481_Rachel_Parent_GMO_labeling_activist.html (Dennis)

[] by John Caldwell (Anish) Subject: GMOs, costs and benefits Occasion: Debate and concern over use of GMOs Audience: Supporters and opponents of GMOs, debaters, scientists Purpose: To explain that the benefits outweigh the costs Speaker: John Caldwell, agricultural producer, fellow citizen Tone: Candid, Informative Key Quote(s): "As an agricultural producer and citizen of the world, I am concerned about producing the highest quality, safest food as efficiently and cost effectively as possible.", "While people using science can debate the benefits and dangers of GMO, we all have to calculate risks in our lives almost on a daily basis."

[] (Anish) Subject: GMO crops, costs and benefits Occasion: Research on GMOS, debate and concern over use of GMOs Audience: Supporters and opponents of GMOs, debaters, scientists, college students Purpose: To explain the costs and benefits, and show the costs are greater Speaker: University of Michigan Tone: Informative, Formal Key Quote(s): "Until they have been better tested, using genetically modified crops with the element-resisting properties can backfire and create numerous environmental problems", "The risks of using genetically modified foods in the United States at this time clearly outweigh the possible benefits."

[] by Steven Salzburg (Anish) Subject: GMO crops, foods with/without GMOs Occasion: Arguments against GMOs, eating a sandwich Audience: Supporters and especially opponents of GMOs, debaters, scientists, Purpose: To explain that no food truly lacks GMOs Speaker: Steven Salzburg Tone: Personal, Witty Key Quote(s): "The bottom line is, you're far more likely to be harmed by being hit on the head by a corn cob than by some kind of deviant GMO corn gene", "My sandwich was really good, by the way."

@http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/gmfood/overview.php (Mike)

[] (Margot) Subject: There are many unintended negative effects of GMOs including environmental, health, and economic problems. Occasion: The increased use of GMOs is not as beneficial as some may think Audience: Farmers, anyone interested in the topic, students, concerned consumers. Purpose: To make people aware of the possible negative effects of GMOs. Speaker: Author, scientists, those who are anti-GMO. Tone: Informative, objective, formal. Key Quotes: "Environmental side effects include increased use of the herbicide glyphosate. The main metabolite of this pesticide is AMPA, which can persist for long periods of time in the environment, jeopardizing the quality of ground water." "The economy has not significantly improved due to the use of GM crops"

[] (Margot) Subject: Advise readers of the risks involved with eating GM foods. Occasion: Addressing the recent precaution some doctors are taking in response to GMOs. Audience: Biotech companies, concerned consumers, people eager to learn more about the subject, farmers. Purpose: To inform readers of the side effects already noticed as a result go GMOs and warn them about future possibilities. Speaker: Jeffery M. Smith, doctors, scientists, local organic farmers, people who are anti-GMO. Tone: Informative, cautious, determined. Key Quotes: "More and more doctors are already prescribing GM-free diets" "Among the population, biologist David Schubert of the Salk Institute warns that 'children are the most likely to be adversely effected by toxins and other dietary problems' related to GM foods."

[] (Margot) Subject: GMOs and their future, which is very unknown. Occasion: The lack of knowledge about GMO effects. Audience: Oprah fans, students, concerned consumers. Purpose: To warn people that even though there is no strong evidence yet, the possible effects GMOs could have on our health is not promising. Speaker: Rachel Mount, Scientists, anti-GMO people. Tone: Informal, cautious, Informative. Key Quotes: "In one experiment, multiple generations of hamsters were fed a diet of GM soy; by the third generation, they were losing the ability to produce offspring, producing about half as many pups as the non-GM soy group."In addition, allergy sufferers worry that, as genes are transferred between plants, allergenic proteins (from, say, peanuts or wheat) will pop up in unexpected places (like soy or sugar)."

[] (Anjali)

[] (Monica) Subject: FDA is discussing its views on GMOs Occasion: Increase in public interest in knowledge about GMOs Audience: Anyone in the general public Purpose: To inform Speaker: FDA Tone: direct and to the point Key Quotes: " discussion of potential endpoints for trials intended to support the approval of new drugs or biologics for treatment of AML." " Our objective is for the workshop is to provide a venue for an in-depth discussion of potential endpoints for trials intended to support the approval of new drugs or biologics for treatment of AML."

[] (Monica) Subject: Highlights one of the negative effects of GMOs Occasion: Support for ongoing debate against gmos Audience: Farmers, people against the use of gmos, people uneducated about the effects of gmos Purpose: Spread the word about the negative effects Speaker: Newspaper writer and students at __University of__ Guelph Tone: Educational, informational, dramatic and scary Key Quotes: "<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: arial,verdana,;">Canada's only herd of genetically engineered pigs has been killed, putting in jeopardy a plan to turn the technology into the first GE animal approved for human consumption." <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: arial,verdana,;">"The university has no business wasting public funds on a review for a technology that no one wants, that's so commercially unviable," said Sharratt, who also placed blame on the federal government." "At the time, the department determined the GE pig did not harm the environment under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act and accepted the University of Guelph's notice of significant new activity — meaning the GE pig could be farmed commercially.

[] (Monica) Subject: GMOs are being tested on cats: the results of the test/opinions of the scientists Occasion: Completion of antiviral vaccines being tested on live animals Audience: Scientists, gmo activists Purpose: Share findings of the experiments Speaker: Writer from Nature Methods online science magazine Tone: Scientific, serious Key Quotes: "<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: arial,helvetica,;">This capability to experimentally manipulate the genome of an AIDS-susceptible species can be used to test the potential of restriction factors for HIV gene therapy and to build models of other infectious and noninfectious diseases." " <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: arial,helvetica,;">For example, humans and cats are afflicted with pandemic AIDS lentiviruses that are susceptible to species-specific restriction factors. Here we introduced genes encoding such a factor, rhesus macaque TRIMCyp, and eGFP, into the cat germline."

[|http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/05/photogalleries/glowing-animal-pictures/#/brainbow-glowing-animals_11826_600x450.jpg] (Monica) Subject: Series of photographs showing discoloration in live animals from GMO testing Occasion: Hundreds of tests have been done, what are the results? Audience: Everyone Purpose: Educate about the many effects of GMOs Speaker: National Geographic Tone: Easy to understand, friendly, interesting, daunting Key Quotes: "I<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5;">n addition to looking fantastic, the psychedelic mouse minds will likely lend insight into how brains work." " <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Ruppy the beagle--a combination of "ruby" and "puppy"--is the first successful clone of a genetically modified dog. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Believe it or not, the glow wasn't the point of the experiment--just evidence of the genetically modified nature of the beast. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">The ability to clone genetically modified dogs should improve the study of human genetic diseases in dogs, such as Parkinson's, according to the research team."

[] (Randi Steiner) Subject: Pro and con sides of GM crops Occasion: some people want GMOs, some people don't Audience: people who want to see both sides of the GMO arguement Purpose: to educate people about both sides and expose facts Speaker:American Public Media Tone: informational yet casual, sounds a lot like two people debating the issue Key Quotes: "In an experiment in Scotland, rats fed GM potatoes containing a gene for a protein, lectin, fared poorly and suffered internal organ damage" "Farmers pay a premium, a “technology fee,” when purchasing GM seeds"

[] (Randi Steiner) Subject: facts against using GMOs in food Occasion: people have nothing better to worry about apparently Audience: people who are concerned about GMOs in their food Purpose: to make people aware of the issue and educate Speaker: an organization of GMO advocates Tone: serious, persuasive, informational Key Quotes: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">"the companies that make GMOs now have the power to sue farmers whose fields are contaminated with GMOs, even when it is the result of inevitable drift from neighboring fields" "polls consistently show that a significant majority of North Americans would like to be able to tell if the food they’re purchasing contains GMOs"

[] (Randi Steiner) Subject: the benefits of GMOs Occasion: a lot of people do not like GMOs Audience: people looking for information about the other side, or why they're used at all Purpose: to expose the good things GMOs to for society Speaker: a student from UC Santa Cruz Tone: casual, quick yet informative Key Quotes: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Some of the most exciting advances in genetically altered plants are for non-food sources. Edible vaccinations are one such area" "there is a great promise in the use of this technology to benefit not only the farmers, but also societies worldwide"

[] (Ananya Subramaniam) Author: John Brennan, eHow Contributor SOAPSTone Subject: Describe the positive aspects of GMOs-their benefits Occasion: In response to “heated controversy” on the topic of GMOs, this article argues in favor of them Audience: Readers of the eHow website, those interested in GMOs and their possible benefits (students, teachers, activists, etc.) Purpose: To inform the reader of the positives of GMOs:how they contribute to pest resistance, salt and drought tolerance, vaccines, and biofuels Speaker: The author, John Brennan, who was instructed to write this article Tone: Informative yet quite casual Key Quotes: “ genetically altered plants could provide a fertile new source of biofuel” “ production of vaccines or medicines in crop plants, thereby making these medications cheaper for consumers and perhaps more affordable in third-world nations”

http://findourcommonground.com/food-facts/gmo-foods/ (Ananya Subramaniam) Author: Writers at CommonGround SOAPSTone Author: Writers at CommonGround Subject: GMOs, their safety, and their contributions to improving agriculture Occasion: The discussion of GMOs as a controversial topic of interest likely caused this article to be written Audience: The readers of the CommonGround Website, those interested in GMOs and what they can do for agriculture Purpose: To inform the reader of GMOs, their safety(confirmed by the World Health Organization and the FDA), and their benefits to agriculture, such as increased crop yield and better-tasting crops Speaker: The Writers at CommonGround, who may have instructed by the website to write this article Tone: Informative, formal, serious, helpful Key Quotes: “(GMOs) as organisms in which the genetic material (DNA) has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally” “Plant breeding also results in crops better able to withstand the environmental challenges”

http://www.fao.org/english/newsroom/focus/2003/gmo7.htm (Ananya Subramaniam) Author: The Writers of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Website SOAPSTone Subject: The benefits of GMOs for agriculture, the environment, and human health Occasion: The increasing debate on GMOs and their use likely caused the writing of this article discussing why GMOs are positive Audience: Those interested in the benefits of GMOs to society through agriculture, the environment, and human health-includes teacher, students, activists, etc. Purpose: To inform the reader of the potential benefits of GMOs Speaker: The Writers of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Website Tone: Serious, Informative Key Quotes: “Rehabilitation of damaged land may also become possible through organisms bred to restore nutrients and soil structure.” “Plants are being engineered to produce vaccines, proteins and other pharmaceutical products”

(Melissa Yang) [] Author: Michael White Subject: GMO's are safe Occasion: During anytime, especially when you are curious about buying food with GMO's, or about to take a trip to the grocery store. Audience: Anyone who is concerned or who wants to learn more about how safe GMO's are. Purpose: To inform the audience about the safety of GMO's Speaker: a biologist Tone: Benevolent, Informative Key Quotes: "consuming foods containing ingredients derived from GM crops is no riskier than consuming the same foods containing ingredients from crop plants modified by conventional plant improvement techniques”

Changing negative attitudes will "require a concerted and long-term effort to develop GM foods that clearly provide convincing benefits to consumers—something that seed companies have conspicuously failed to do over the past decade."

(melissa yang) [] Author: Common Ground Subject: Benefits and Disadvantages to GMO's Occasion: Anytime Audience: Anyone who wants to know the pros and cons of GMO's Purpose: To give more information, that is unbiased to the public about GMO's  Speaker: someone who has done thorough research on the topic Tone: Informative, Objective, Impartial Key Quotes: “The World Health Organization defines genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as organisms in which the genetic material (DNA) has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally.”

“Growing food with GMOs can result in better-tasting fruits and vegetables that stay fresh longer and are naturally resistant to insects. Plant breeding also results in crops better able to withstand the environmental challenges of drought, disease and insect infestations.”

(Melissa yang) [] Author: Monsanto Subject: Monsanto GMO's in Agriculture Occasion: Anytime Audience: Anyone who wants to know about GMO's, particularly concerned with safety and research done my company's that produce GMO's Purpose: To give more information about the safety of GMO's that is backed by tests and research Speaker: a company representative Tone: Informative, Serious Key Quotes: “After 30 years of research and assessments, the safety of GM crops is supported strongly by scientific evidence and the conclusions of the global scientific community.”

“In fact, GM crops have been reviewed and tested more than any other crops in the history of agriculture and have been shown to be as safe as conventional crops.” http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/897705/genetically-modified-organism-GMO/279978/GMOs-in-medicine-and-research (melissa yang)

[] (Anjali Wadhwa) S: GMO’s negative effects on the environment and the health of humans O: the abundance of GMO usage in the world A: people who want to know more about the effects of GMO’s P: to discuss the relationship between GMO usage and related problems in the world S: N.L. Swanson Tone: informative, official Quotes: “Not only are the bacteria genes themselves potentially toxic, but the plants can be sprayed directly with herbicides, the herbicide-resistant plants absorb the poisons and we eat them. It's difficult to understand how this can be considered “essentially” the same as plant hybridization.” “The USDA estimates that in 2012, 93% of all soy, 88% of the corn and 94% of the cotton grown in the U.S. was genetically engineered.”

[] (Anjali Wadhwa) S: The effect GM crops have on developing allergies O: the negative and harmful effects of GMO’s A: people who want to know how and why GMO’s can be harmful P: to analyze the way GMO’s may be related to allergies S: Jeffrey M. Smith Tone: informative, instructive Quotes: “Critics of GM foods often say that the US population is being used as guinea pigs in an experiment” “The introduction of genetically engineered foods into our diet was done quietly and without the mandatory labeling that is required in most other industrialized countries.”

[] (Anjali Wadhwa) S: the pros and cons of GMO’s O: questions whether GMO’s are good or bad A: people who want a general understanding of GMO’s P: to provide an analysis of both the pro and con arguments of GMO’s Tone: informative, informal Quotes: “ Another problem may be a blurring of the distinction between foods that have been modified and those that have not, creating problems for consumers. ” “The chemicals may poison fish and other wild animals and plants, and could get into human drinking water as well. ”

<span style="display: block; margin: 5px auto !important;">

Purpose: to explain the experiment in simlified terms and to show both sides of the arguement
====Speaker: Patricia Stagastume (author), Gene Lemire (director of Martin County Mosquito Control), Micheal Doyle (director of FKMCD), Mila de Mier (Key West real estate agent), Margareth Capurro (Biologist of Sao Paulo University), Joel Biddle (patient who contracted dengue fever), Derric Nimmo (director of Oxitec Public Health Research)====

Tone: factual, detached
====Key Quotes: ~"Yet when residents found out the mosquito control district was working with Oxitec, a British bioengineering company, to release hundreds of thousands of GM mosquitoes in their town, they were outraged."==== ====~"He wants to release genetically modified (GM) male mosquitoes, specifically designed to pass down a suicide gene that kills their own offspring, into the wild in hopes of bringing down the dangerous dengue-carrying mosquito population and preventing new outbreaks."====

http://www.wildcat.arizona.edu/article/2013/11/gmos-pose-no-threat-to-our-food (Emily W)

Purpose: argue the point that GMOs do not pose a threat when used in food
====Speaker: Jacqui Oesterblad(Author) Peter Ellsworth ( Director of the Arizona Pest Management Center in the Department of Entomology), Paul Wilson (University Distinguished Professor in Agricultural and Resource Economics)====

is sterile
<span style="display: block; margin: 5px auto 0px !important;">http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/gmfood/overview.php-Jessie Chang <span style="display: block; margin: 5px auto 0px !important;">Subject: GMO (genetically modified organisms) what they are, what they do etc. <span style="display: block; margin: 5px auto 0px !important;">Occasion: general overview on the topic, gives advantages and such <span style="display: block; margin: 5px auto 0px !important;">Audience: the people of any population who use genetically modified products be it food or medicine <span style="display: block; margin: 5px auto 0px !important;">Purpose: to allow people who use such products to gather and understand the tools that they are using (give information to the public about the topic) outlines the benefits and disadvantages Speaker: Many authors from a variety of gathered sources Tone: informative, factual, scholarly Key Quotes: "Environmental activists, religious organizations, public interest groups, professional associations and other scientists and government officials have all raised concerns about GM foods, and criticized agribusiness for pursuing profit wi thout concern for potential hazards, and the government for failing to exercise adequate regulatory oversight." "According to the FDA and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), there are over 40 plant varieties that have completed all of the federal requirements for commercialization"

http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Genetically_modified_foods- Jessie Chang Subject: Genetically Modified Organisms Occasion: Providing info on GMOs Audience: scientists, farmers, everyday people who use such products Purpose: give an overview on benefits, regulations, risks, labeling and effects Speaker: scientists from Deakin University Tone: informative, objective, serious, factual Key Quotes: " <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #11191c; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">GM advocates argue that GM foods are better for the environment. By using GM crops that are resistant to attack by pests or disease, farmers can reduce their use of pesticides and herbicides and the residual levels of these chemicals in the env ironment." "<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #11191c; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">GM foods are labelled to help consumers make informed decisions about the food they buy, not for safety reasons."

http://www.monsanto.com/newsviews/Pages/biotech-safety-gmo-advantages.aspx- Jessie Chang Subject: Genetically Modified Organisms Occasion: to increase knowledge for the people about GMOs and their level of safety (risks and such) Audience: farmers, other scientists, students, consumers Purpose: to inform people of the level of safety of the GMOs and the process and credibility Speaker: author that collected information from a variety of other sources like databases and journals Tone: informative, slightly casual, not very strict and stern, factual Key Quotes: " Specifically for food safety, we compare and evaluate each of the key nutrients" "The majority (1,129) of approvals on GMO crops have been on the food safety of the product."

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(Charlene Liu)

Subject: The Pros and Cons of GMOs

Occasion: the benefits and the costs of having GMOs. Answers raised questions for people skeptical about GMOs.

Audience: People looking for the pros and cons of GMOs

Purpose: to answer general questions about the usage of GMOs

Speaker: a student from UC Santa Cruz

Tone: Informative, concise, persuasive

Key Quotes: “Through GM seeds even the smallest subsistence farmers can produce bigger, more reliable crops.

“No one has substantiated a single human death, or even illness, as a result of consuming GM foods.”

[] (Charlene Liu) Subject: How genetically modified organism aid in medical research Occasion: supporting the usage of gmos Audience: People who wonder whether gmos help medical research Purpose: Inform people on why GMOs are helpful and beneficiary Speaker: AstraZeneca Tone: Informative, serious Key Quotes: “<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">All our use of GMOs is conducted in accordance with national and international legislation, with our own rigorous internal policy and biosafety compliance framework governing their use, storage and disposal, and with the high ethical standards outlined in our Bioethics Policy and Code of Conduct. “

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">“These GMOs and proteins can then be used to help identify factors that cause human disease through a better understanding of the role that genes and their associated proteins play. ”

[] (Charlene Liu) Subject: Whether or not gmos are safe to eat Occasion: Inform people about GMOs Audience: People wondering if it is safe to eat GMOs Purpose: To educate the public on GMOs Speaker: Webmd Tone: Analytical, informative, opinionated Key Quotes: “<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The U.S. government's position: Genetically engineered crops are safe, resist disease better, and can provide much-needed food in starving nations. ”

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">“The term genetically modified food (also known as biotech or genetically engineered food) refers to crop plants that have been modified in the laboratory to enhance desired traits, such as resistance to herbicides or improved nutritional content. “ <span style="display: block; margin: 5px auto !important;"> <span style="display: block; margin: 5px auto 0px !important;">