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(1) Research Question – How does music influence emotions/feelings? (2) Title: EXPRESSIVENESS IN MUSICAL EMOTIONS (3) Author: Sandrine Vieillard, Mathieu Roy, Isabelle Peretz (4) [] (5) I accessed this database source on Friday night. (6) SOAPSTone – S peaker : Sandrine Vieillard, Mathieu Roy, Isabelle Peretz; scientists; researchers; psychologists; musicians; songwriters O ccasion : Researching music; musical therapy; emotion-eliciting activities; understanding the effects of music; listening to music; writing a song; emotional regulation A udience : Songwriters; musicians; scientists; psychologists; researchers; people who listen to music; fans of music P urpose : Influence of music; provide evidence that supports emotional responses to music; demonstrate the how music represents personality; effect of music on one’s mood; effects of listening to music; influence of childhood on musical preferences; explain unique song selections; explain the expressiveness of music; describe emotional reactions and subjective feelings S ubject : Musical interpretation; music; psychological affects of music; emotional regulation; emotional responses to music Tone: Objective, informative, knowledgeable, matter-of-fact, formal (7) Abstract – “This study was designed to investigate how emotion category, characterized by distinct musical structures (happiness, sadness, threat) and expressiveness (mechanical, expressive) may influence overt and covert behavioral judgments and physiological responses in musically trained and untrained listeners. Mechanical and expressive versions of happy, sad and scary excerpts were presented while physiological measures were recorded. Participants rated the intensity of the emotion they felt. In addition, they monitored excerpts for the presence of brief breaths. Results showed that the emotion categories were rated higher in the expressive than in the mechanical versions and that this effect was larger in musicians.” (8) Musical interpretation has an important impact on listeners, which triggers emotional responses. (9) I agree that musical interpretation plays a role in the reaction of audiences to different musical pieces. (10) Key sentences and passages –
 * “Moreover, beyond the control of musical characteristics and listeners’ musical expertise, the understanding of how music conveys emotions also requires investigations on the role of individual factors.”
 * “Moreover, expressive excerpts were found to increase skin conductance level more than the mechanical ones, independently of their arousal value, and to slow down response times in the breath detection task relative to the mechanical versions, suggesting enhanced capture of attention by expressiveness. Altogether, the results support the key role of the performer’ s expression in the listener’ s emotional response to music.”
 * “Indeed, several musical cues known to play a role in music expressiveness, such as tempo, accentuation and rhythmic articulation, have been shown to be strongly correlated with skin conductance (Gomez & Danuser, 2007). More specifically, musical passages characterized by slow movements, volume increase, expansion in frequency range and unexpected harmonic progression are known to elicit large increase of the electrodermal activity.”
 * “Moreover, independently from the expres- siveness of the musical excerpts, sad, happy and scary excerpts should show patterns of physiological responses characteristic of their emotion category.”

(1) Research Question – How does music influence emotions/feelings? (2) Title: THE EFFECTS OF MUSIC ON EMOTIONAL RESPONSE, BRAND ATTITUDE, AND PURCHASE INTENT IN AN EMOTIONAL ADVERTISING CONDITION (3) Author: Jon D. Morris, Mary Anne Boone (4) [] (5) I accessed this website source on Friday night. (6) SOAPSTone – S peaker : Jon D. Morris, Mary Anne Boone ; scientists; researchers; psychologists; musicians O ccasion : Researching music; musical therapy; emotion-eliciting activities; understanding the effects of music; listening to music; writing a song; emotional regulation A udience : Songwriters; musicians; scientists; psychologists; researchers; people who listen to music; fans of music P urpose : Influence of music; provide evidence that supports emotional responses to music; demonstrate the how music represents personality; effect of music on one’s mood; effects of listening to music; influence of childhood on musical preferences; explain unique song selections; explain the expressiveness of music; describe emotional reactions and subjective feelings S ubject : Musical interpretation; music; psychological affects of music; emotional regulation; emotional responses to music; “messages” of music Tone: Objective, informative, knowledgeable, matter-of-fact, formal (7) Abstract – “Music is used often in advertising to enrich the key message and may be the single most stimulating component in a commercial (Hecker, l984). It is perceived as a potential peripheral cue used to positively arouse the consumer’s emotional state (Stout & Leckenby, l988; Gorn, l982; Park & Young, l986). The notion of central and peripheral processing suggests that peripheral cues such as music can lead to a positive attitude about the advertisement and then transfer that positive attitude to the brain.” (8) Music creates an effective and temporary change to one’s emotions, based on the intention of the musician and songwriter. (9) I only partially agree with what the article is stating because this article mainly focuses on the effects of music on advertising. (10) Key sentences and passages –
 * “Music may not always significantly change pleasure, arousal, dominance, brand attitude, or purchase intent in an emotional advertising condition, but it can change how the viewer feels when watching the advertisement. This is consistent with the results from past research regarding music’s influence in an emotional situation.”
 * “Music alone was not a significant enough factor to drastically increase any of the five dependent variables.”
 * “The "messages" of music are more affective than cognitive, for example calm or sedate music decreased subjects’ anxiety, and the structural elements of music such as major (happy) and minor (sad) modes influenced the listener’s feelings.”