Questions+19-20+(Nicole+Gololobov)

19 is a purpose question. To answer this question correctly, the reader must know what words are being italicized in lines 16-26 and what the paragraph they are in is about. Procedurally, the reader must know how to find relations between phrases and paragraphs and how to detect tone. Since the question is about what the italics are not doing, but figuring out what they are, the right answer can be found be getting rid of the functions. 20 is also a purpose question. To answer it, the reader must know the context of the quote. Procedurally, they have to know how to figure out the meaning of a sentence within context.
 * A is wrong because the author is frustrated with the issue of education, by italicizing the words, she emphasizes that the difference in funding is illogical within school districts.
 * B is wrong because the italicized terms relate to spending disparities in education, which is the only idea discussed in paragraph two, making it the main idea.
 * C is wrong since the first phrase emphasized mentions how much money isn’t spent on urban students on average, 900 dollars, which shows the magnitude of the problem. The second italic is about how this difference affects even neighboring schools, which is a sign of how divisive the funding is. The italics are the details that show how broken the educational system is, so they are highlighting the argument.
 * D is the only answer left, and is also correct, because the italics emphasize facts rather than the author’s pathos or anything related to them wanting change. It wouldn’t make much sense for the author to exaggerate their own enthusiasm, unless they were being self-deprecating.
 * A is correct because the author’s argument is about a lack of federal funding, which affects the educational system and the work world.
 * B is incorrect because the work world is not being held accountable for bad schooling, and educators are not responsible for employers.
 * C is wrong as the paragraph doesn’t argue that money used in training programs should be used for school funding instead, though it may imply that idea.
 * D is incorrect since entry-level is said to already be too difficult for new workers due to not enough funding for basic training.
 * E is incorrect because the behavior is not described as unethical and the examples are general rather than specific. This leaves only A left.