Team+Jess


 * 15. The correct answer is A. **
 * This is a main point/purpose type of question. **
 * For the reader to understand what the question is asking, they must be able to read a passage and determine the main point the author is trying to get across. Understanding the author’s tone, and being familiar with the passage will help. Procedurally, the reader must know how to read the passage and pick out what the details and supports lead back to. Another effective procedure is reading each paragraph at a time and summarizing it to find out and focus on what the author is bringing attention to. **
 * Answer B is wrong because the passage wants change and bashes the current policy rather than accepting and supporting it. **
 * Answer C is wrong because it brings attention to the disadvantages to the policy since it disagrees with it. **
 * Answer D is wrong because critics would criticize the same areas of the policy that they do, so they would have the same opinion on the policy. **
 * Answer E is wrong because it uses data and studies to support the main point. **


 * 16. The correct answer is C. **
 * This is an organization/ structure type of question. **
 * In order for the reader to understand what this type of question is asking, they must have the ability to sense how the text is structured. The reader should pinpoint the sentences that they are being asked to look at. And then further examine what each sentence does in the paragraph and what it adds. **
 * Answer A is wrong because the first sentence is opinionated, and the second states a problem based off the opinion, not an opinion. **
 * Answer B is wrong because the sentences are not ideas, one is a statement and the next presents a challenge. **
 * Answer D is wrong because the first sentence lists factors that affect and cause a problem, not goals. And the second sentence is not an explanation of goals, which were not listed. **
 * Answer E is wrong because both sentences pertain to the same point of view. **


 * 17. The correct answer is (B). This is a common type of question on the AP exam known as Word Phrase Meaning. The question asks the reader to correct the grammar of a selected sentence. The purpose of this question is to test the reader’s knowledge in grammar and their comprehension of the sentence in context of the passage. In order to be successful in answering that question one must know how to read and how to understand the meaning of the sentence. For this question the reader should read the question and then read the sentences back in their head with the different choices. Answer (A) is incorrect because the sentence before it states a different point of view and “nevertheless” would make the sentence unclear. Answer (C) is incorrect because “unlike” is already in the sentence and adding “however” would make the sentence a double negative and sound too wordy. Answer (D) is not the correct answer because it does not make the sentence any clearer. Answer (E) is incorrect because “at” is already previously in the sentence and adding “from” would not make it any more clear. **


 * 18. The correct answer is (C). In order for the reader to understand this question they must be familiar with recognizing the author’s tone. In order for the reader to be able to answer this question they must be able to read and comprehend the purpose of the passage and the type of tone that the author is using to portray their point. A good strategy for this type of question is to read the whole passage and then to reread the selected sentence in context and the sentences around it in order to see what tone the author is using to achieve their purpose. Answer (A) is incorrect because the sentence is not “heedless”, the author put the sentence there for a reason, and it was not a thoughtless addition. (B) is not the correct answer because although it may come as a shock to some people that there are people that don’t believe in paying for education once their children are done, the author did not have a tone that would make that statement taboo. Answer (D) is incorrect because the author is not surprised at all by the fact that some people do not contribute to education. Answer (E) is also incorrect because the sentence does not give a sense of hope that people will start to pay for education, rather the author is criticizing people for not supporting education. **


 * 19. This question is purpose question, meaning that it asks for the author’s goal in reference to a specific passage. You must be able to locate lines 16-26 and the italics and then read them. In order to answer this question you must also be able to understand the passage and identify the function of the whole passage before identifying the purpose(s) of the italics. Then read the answer choices and check if they are one of the purposes you identified. If so the answer is wrong. For the choices: **


 * A. This is incorrect because it is one of the purposes. The italics emphasize the specific details that lead to the author’s frustration. **


 * B. This is incorrect because it is also one of the purposes. The author’s main point was that urban schools do not spend as much per student compared to suburban schools. The italics emphasizes specific details supporting the point. **


 * C. This is also incorrect because it is one of the purposes. The passage emphasizes specific details with the italics to show the magnitude of the problem. **


 * D. This is correct because it is not one of the purposes. The details of the italics are not an exaggeration but actual specifics. **


 * E. This is incorrect because it is another purpose of the passage. The italics are specific details that support the main argument as it said in choice B. **


 * 20. This question is another purpose question. The reader must identify the goal of the author in a specific sentence. The reader must locate lines 32-33 and read them. He/she must also understand the specified lines and then read the sentences before and after lines 32-33. Lastly, the reader must determine the purpose/ function of the passage including the sentence before and after the selected lines. **


 * A. This is the correct answer because the purpose of the sentence is to give another example of education to support the author’s argument. **


 * B. This is incorrect because the author’s not blaming the poor school quality on the work world. **


 * C. This is incorrect because the sentence does not discuss an example of a source of funding. **


 * D. This is incorrect because the argument after the sentence does not focus on the entry-level work load. **


 * E. This is also incorrect because the sentence does not talk about ethics. **

> > > > > > > >
 * 21. Correct answer: E **
 * ** Function/Type of Question: An assertion type of question **
 * ** What do you have to know? → What the reader needs to answer this question is to thoroughly have read the passage. Second, is very simple. They have to be able to connect the data and the argument, be able to correlate these two to answer the question if the specific data supports the assertions given as choices for answers. **
 * ** What do you have to know procedurally? → What the reader needs to do procedurally is to slowly comb through each choice by reading the lines given for choices as answers and decipher the paragraphs. They then need to decide if any of the choices given answer the question. **
 * ** Why are the wrong answers wrong and the right answers right? → A, B, C, and D are incorrect because of the fact that nowhere in the passage is there specific information to support the assertions other than multiple choice E. Choice A talks about teachers’ salaries and how the indicators of school quality affect high school graduates but have no forthcoming information to support this. Choice B is incorrect because it is explaining how school bond failures are up in comparison with earlier decades but then jumps to taxes. Choice C talks about international comparisons and how it is an utmost priority but still there is no specific information mentioned. Choice D talks about a piecemeal, incoherent system that fails to train teachers but again, there is no specific data that explains an instance or any statistic. Therefore, if the reader is able to eliminate all of the choices above, there is no other answer than D. **
 * 22. Correct answer: D **
 * ** Function/Type of Question: Structure type of question **
 * ** What do you have to know to correctly answer this question? → What is needed to answer this question is to read through the paragraphs carefully and able to decide what fits and what doesn’t. It is a basic type of question that just requires the reader to put a sentence into a place that makes sense. **
 * ** What you have to know procedurally in order to answer this question? → What the reader needs to know procedurally is to take the sentence given from the test and to insert it after each line that is given as a multiple choice. After each is done so, they should be able to match the context of the sentence before to the sentence given on the test. **
 * ** Why are the wrong answers wrong and the right answers right? → Choices A, B, C, and E are incorrect because when the sentence supplied by the test is inserted in after each line of A, B, C and E, nothing makes sense as the context and the sentence do not match together. The sentence given is about how how the Australian schools’ funding is centralized so the government can guarantee accountability and fair deployment of resources. If the sentence is inserted for choice A, the context is talking about parents assuring quality education and the sentence after is about voting for their kids in hope of better education. It is extremely out of place. Then for choice B, the previous sentence is talking about taxes and is the last sentence of the paragraph. To insert a sentence on Australian school would be very confusing. For choice C, the sentence before is talking about substantial variations within school districts and the sentence after talks of poorer neighborhoods, still no sense. Choice E talks about the working world and is also very out of place. Hence, the only reasonable answer can only be multiple choice D, where the context is talking about international comparisons. **


 * 23. This is a miscellaneous questions, based on the footnotes of the passage. This question functions in a way that test the readers attention to detail and logically think through the question. In order to answer this question you need to know how to read, and locate the footnote, proper punctuation and syntax and general knowledge on citation. You also need to know how to identify facts from the question or options that apply to the text. You also need to be able to quickly rule out the wrong options and find one right answer. **


 * The correct answer is choice E. E is correct because all of the data supplied by the option is correct and true in the reading. Choice A is incorrect because the endnote says both sources have the same data when in fact both provide info for the entire paragraph. Choice B is incorrect because Jonathan Kozol wrote savage inequalities, not hard data. Hard data is a completely separate source. Choice C is incorrect because Savage inequalities was a book while hard data was an article in the washington post, the separating the sources shows they are separate. Choice D is incorrect because once again Savage inequalities was just a book while Hard data was the article published in the washington post. Both sources are used through out the entire paragraph. **


 * 24. The correct answer is C. The question is a purpose question. It is asking for the purpose of endnote 2. To answer the question, one needs to know what an endnote is and be able to read and understand the endnote information present. For one to answer the question, one needs to know how to identify the endnote, its purpose and the information presented in the endnote to choose the correct answer. Answer A is incorrect because if the authors were directly quoted, quotation marks would be used, so authors are not being directly quoted and answer A is wrong. Answer B is wrong because it states that forthcoming data will be presented. Endnote 2 is at the end of the passage, so no data will be presented after endnote 2. So answer B is wrong. Answer C is correct because the endnote does document the sources of claims made about loans, scholarships, and educational funding. Answer D is incorrect because there is no evidence that the author explained a link between the cost of higher education and the availability of loans. D is the distractor option because higher education and loans were spoken of in the sentence before the endnote was present. Answer E is incorrect because there is no evidence that the experts listed might not agree with the claim in the passage. **


 * 25. This question is a miscellaneous question. The function of this question is to test specific details and attention to detail throughout the passage and also to test the readers knowledge on citation. In order to answer this question you need to know how to read, and locate the footnote, proper punctuation and syntax and general knowledge on citation. You also need to know how to identify facts from the question or options that apply to the text. You also need to be able to quickly rule out the wrong options and find one right answer. **


 * Choice E is correct because the article “U.S. Gets ‘Average’ Grade in Math and Science Studies” was written by Peter Applebome and published in the New York Times. Choice A is incorrect because David Whitman wrote an article published in U.S. News & World report, not a book with an article first published in U.S. News & World Report. Choice B is incorrect because The War against the poor was edited by Randy Abelda, Nancy Folbre, and the center for popular economics, not Peter Applebome. Choice C is incorrect because the center for popular economics edited “The war against the poor” they did not reprint it. Choice D is incorrect because Randy Abelda and Nancy Folbre published a book in 1996 not 1989. **