Political+Correctness+and+Hate+Speech

Students from all three of my AP classes will upload source-data here.

**Debate topic:** The **benefits** of [|speech codes] **outweigh** any potential short- or long-term **costs**.


 * Debate teams:**
 * Period 2: Pro:** Nicole, Jess, Grace vs. **Con:** @Taylor, Emily, Tess
 * Period 4: Pro:** Rachel, Molly, Divya vs. **Con:** Emily, Lyndsey (Tues, 12.3)
 * Period 8: Pro:** Jean, Kelsey, Danielle vs. **Con:** Nicole, Jen (Tues, 12/3)


 * What to post:**
 * source title (hyperlinked if available)
 * Your name (first & last)
 * Author's name
 * a SOAPSTone for the source (Subject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Speaker, Tone)
 * 2-3 key quotes


 * Where to post? Use the space below.**


 * How many of these to post:**
 * At least three per student by Sun. night
 * Careful not to post over/delete someone else's work
 * consider taking notes in another document and then copy/pasting in

[] Kelsey Coulter Dr. Jack Russell Weinstein Subject: political correctness inaccuracies, contemporary American beliefs, lack of credibility in the term “political correctness” Occasion: expressing opinion to students on the subject of hate speech Audience: anyone wanting to become more educated on hate speech, students at North Dakota School of Law Purpose: proving the dangers of hate speech, the consequences of such speech, encouraging readers to treat all people with respect. Speaker: Dr. Jack Russell Weinstein Quotes: “What ‘politically incorrect’ comments are, are statements in a flux. They are deviant assertions making a last gasp for acceptability” “The initial step of curving hate speech is first and foremost to recognize that the term politically incorrect is a red herring. It is a way of hiding the refusal to respect the feelings of others.
 * Where to post? Right here in the space below.**

[]

Kelsey Coulter Author: Adam Cohen Subject: Case study of Snyder vs. Phelps Occasion: News on the case concerning hate speech Audience: the public looking to gain knowledge on the events of the Snyder vs. Phelps case Purpose: educating the public on the case and results of the case Speaker: Cohen Quotes: “Phelps’ self-styled church preaches that God is punishing America because of its tolerance for homosexuality, especially in the military” “After his case went to trial, a jury awarded Albert Snyder $10.9 million in compensatory and punitive damages.”

[]

Kelsey Coulter Author: Daniel Townsend Subject: where to draw the line on hate speech, the law versus what is morally right Occasion: response to Waldron’s new book entitled //The Harm in Hate Speech// Audience: anyone in the public looking to further understand hate speech and the extent to which it is acceptable. Purpose: to defend Waldron’s book and promote his defense of hate speech regulation Speaker: Daniel Townsend Quotes: “While I disagree with what you have to say, I will defend to the death your right to say it.” “Hate-speech laws, Waldron notes, are “common and widely accepted” in every other advanced democracy.”

[] Nicole Gololobov Gerald Uelman Subject: Hate speech, speech codes, discrimination, censorship Occasion: Instances of, or the possibility of, offensive and hostile language on campus led to installing speech codes to limit what students could say. Audience: College students, Purpose: To show the arguments for the hate speech/censorship debate Speaker: Uelman Tone: Unbiased, objective, academic

http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=9&ved=0CF0QFjAI&url=http%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.law.berkeley.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1679%26context%3Dcalifornialawreview&ei=WhOUUsaDH7jMsQT--IDICg&usg=AFQjCNGc6pS2M1fZBLRxZVyggTcFND5G8A&sig2=-Uajmhfvv3pBiEl6svgp-gCampus Hate Speech Codes: Affirmative Action in the Allocation of Speech Rights Grace Chen by Alice K. Ma

Subject:Justifying speech codes in terms of affirmative action for minority perspectives, role of speech codes on college campuses Occasion:Controversy over campus hate speech codes Audience: Policy makers, legal scholars, any reader Purpose: Describe an unusual perspective on speech codes, persuade readers to agree, examine some controversies over speech codes speaker:Alice K. Ma Tone: scholarly, analytical, serious Quotes: " speech rights are distributed unequally in American society because hate speech silences minority voices. Hate speech codes on college campuses would remedy present and past discrimination in speech rights just as affirmative action programs remedy past discrimination in hiring, university admissions, and public works." "neither the First nor the Fourteenth Amendments requires that we permit the racist taints, slurs, and graffiti that have proliferated at colleges and universities. The inequality worked by hate speech is as repugnant to the one amendment as it is to the other." " How should the law respond when freedom of speech amplifies the shrill voice of racism while silencing its victims?

[|**http://www.huffingtonpost.com/greg-lukianoff/speech-codes-alive-and-we_b_3762031.html**] Speech Codes: Alive and Well, 10 Years Later By Greg lukianoff Subject: The development and changes in policies about campus speech codes from 2003 to 2013 Occasion:New change in federal speech code policy, desire to educate public about this issue Audience:readers of the column, especially college age students <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Purpose:educate readers on the development of speech code policies, elucidate general trend in these policies over a decade, persuade about the harms of speech codes, promote his new book <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Speaker:Greg lukianoff <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Tone:angry, reflective <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Quotes: " No one denies that a college can and should ban true harassment -- but a code that calls itself a 'racial-harassment code' does not thereby magically inoculate itself against free-speech and academic-freedom obligations." "This summer, the First Amendment Center unveiled its annual survey of attitudes about free speech and found that a startling 47% of young people believe that the First Amendment "goes too far."

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> [] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Free Speech Codes on Campus: Political correctness run amok? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">By [|Maegan Vazquez] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Subject: impact of free speech codes on various universities, controversy surrounding benefits or harms of the codes <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Occasion:controversy at Indiana University Southeast over a speech code, <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Audience: all readers, especially college students and policy makers <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Purpose: explain criticisms and justifications of speech codes, evaluate impact of speech codes on college students, share viewpoints of leaders of proponents/opponents of the codes <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">speaker:Maegan Vazquez <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Tone: analytical, incensed <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Quotes: " The guidelines also were intended to protect the rights of all students to have unfettered access to educational activities on campus (in other words, the exercise of free speech rights should not result in blocking access to buildings or disrupting classes or campus events)." "Governments have the right to restrict the time and place of these things...If they were regulating content--I'd have a problem with that,"

[] Tess Jacobson ACLU.org Subject: hate speech and speech codes on campuses Occasion: many colleges have developed speech codes that limit what students may say on campus Audience: those interested in this issue, college students, college administrators Purpose: gives ACLU's opinion on the issue- speech codes should not be in place on campuses because they infringe a student's rights and ability to debate and learn Speaker: the ACLU Tone: strong, opinionated

[] Tess Jacobson The Foundation for Individual Rights In Education Subject: Speech codes on campuses Occasion: colleges have developed speech codes that limit what students may say on campus Audience: anyone looking for statistics on speech codes, students Purpose: gives statistics and opinions about speech codes on college campuses Speaker: FIRE Tone: informative, adamant

[] Tess Jacobson Sohrab Ahmari Subject: speech codes on campuses, Greg Lukianoff, FIRE Occasion: Greg Lukianoff has launched a campaign to have colleges remove their speech codes Audience: readers of the WSJ, students, people interested in controversial issues Purpose: Describes Lukianoff's work and motivation, provides statistics about speech codes, gives examples of infringements of rights and negative effects of speech codes Speaker: Sohrab Ahmari, Lukianoff, Joseph McShane, several universities Tone: descriptive, argumentative

[] Nicole Gololobov Joyce Arthur and Peter Tatchell

[] Rachel Baxter-Green Greg Lukianoff

[] Rachel Baxter-Green Greg Lukianoff

[] Emily Choi FIRE -Defines and outlines what speech codes are.

[] Emily Chi AAUP Council

[] Emily Choi Greg Lukianoff

[] Emily Choi Eric L. Dey

Source: [] Name: Molly Mahoney Author: Gerald Uelmen Subject: hate speech codes Occasion: to try to get others to figure out what side they are on Audience: students, teachers, debators Purpose: To show both sides of hate speech Speaker: author Tone: formal Quote: "<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5;">The verbal attack is a symptom of an oppressive history of discrimination and subjugation that plagues the harmed student and hinders his or her ability to compete fairly in the academic arena." Quote: "<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5;">Hate speech codes emphasize the need to support convictions with facts and reasoning while protecting the rights of potential victims." Source: [] Name: Molly Mahoney Author: Greg Lukianoff Subject: hate speech violates the first amendment Occasion: to state the authors view on the issue Audience: students, teachers Purpose: to convince others of the authors correctness Speaker: author Tone: firm Quote: "62 percent of institutions surveyed maintain policies that restrict a substantial amount of speech" Quote: "Today's conventional wisdom seems to be that university speech codes banning offensive expression on campus are a sits ant relic of the heyday of political correctness in the 1980s and 90s. Source: http://ur.umich.edu/9293/Feb08_93/8.htm Name: Molly Mahoney Author: Ejner J. Jensen Subject: pros and cons of hate speech Occasion: to start discussion Audience: people trying to figure out which side they are on Purpose: to debate both sides of the argument Speaker: author Tone: informal Quote: "Universities have a right and duty to provide an educational environment, a climate of civility, where all students can learn and live free from bigotry." Quote: " A university’s objective is to educate and to instill within students fundamental values of human decency."

[] Jen Chu GREG LUKIANOFF

By GREG LUKIANOFF “They discourage civic engagement at a time when debates over deficits and taxes should make young people pay more attention, not less. ” “The speech codes are at times intended to enforce civility, but they often backfire, suppressing free expression instead of allowing for open debate of controversial issues.” “Students can’t learn how to navigate democracy and engage with their fellow citizens if they are forced to think twice before they speak their mind. ”
 * Feigning Free Speech on Campus**
 * S:** speech codes are bad
 * O: ** to inform people about the negatives of speech codes
 * A:** parents, faculty, administrators
 * P:** present a case explaining why speech codes are harmful
 * S:** Greg and those in the organization of the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education
 * Tone:** biased, passionate, emphatic
 * Quotes:**

[] Jen Chu
 * On Freedom of Expression and Campus Speech Codes **

“On a campus that is free and open, no idea can be banned or forbidden. No viewpoint or message may be deemed so hateful or disturbing that it may not be expressed.” “A speech code unavoidably implies an institutional competence to distinguish permissible expression of hateful thought from what is proscribed as thoughtless hate.”
 * S:** I understand the reasoning for speech codes, but they are unnecessary
 * O ** : rise of speech codes on college campuses
 * A**: those ambivalent on the issue and want a different perspective
 * P:** justify why speech codes are not needed or useful
 * S**: policy makers at University of Delaware
 * Tone:** indifferent, inquisitive, and scholarly
 * Quote:** “ Freedom of thought and expression is essential to any institution of higher learning.”

[] DAVID L. HUDSON JR. Jen Chu
 * Hate speech & campus speech codes **

“Colleges and universities routinely punish students and faculty for their speech, their writing, and even their membership in campus groups.”
 * S**: Speech codes in terms of their credibility
 * O ** : to present the issue in an un biased manner
 * A ** : students, faculty, anyone seeking info on the issue
 * P: ** provide insight into speech codes on campuses
 * S ** : DAVID L. HUDSON JR.
 * Tone: ** unbiased, scholarly
 * Quotes:** ‘“We need to examine how these anti-harassment policies are being applied to make sure that the First Amendment is not being trampled on again.”’

<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Source: @http://debatewise.org/debates/836-political-correctness-is-a-waste-of-time/ <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Name: Danielle Staffin <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Author: none <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Subject: outlines the debate on political correctness, explaining the pros and cons of the topic <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Occasion: the question arose as to whether or not the US is becoming too concerned or not concerned enough with being politically correct <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Audience: anyone in the US; it’s a debate on a national topic, and anyone who wants to view the sides of the political correctness debate <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Purpose: explains the pros and cons of each side in the debate so the reader can form an opinion and choose a side for themselves <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Speaker: anyone who contributed to the debate themselves, similar to Burke’s never ending conversation <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Tone: informative, informal <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Quote: “All the Yes points 1. Changes too fast 2. Linguistic awkwardness 3. No way of knowing individual preferences” <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Quote: “All the No points 1. Useful guidelines 2. Necessary in actual diplomatic situations” <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Quote: “Are we becoming too concerned with avoiding the use of offensive language? Are we not concerned enough?” <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Source: [] <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Name: Danielle Staffin <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Author: Michael Shively and Carrie F. Mulford <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Subject: This article explains what types of people commit hate crimes and what the main groups of people that they target are. It also states that more research of this topic is needed to more accurately analyze hate crime. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Occasion: The people who are most likely to commit a hate crime are people who just want excitement, people who are threatened, people were victim of an insult or assault, and people committed to bigotry <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Audience: Anyone who wants more information on hate crime and anyone who feels more research on this is necessary. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Purpose: The most popular hate crimes are directed at a person’s race, association, ethnicity, sexual orientation, perceived characteristics, religion, and disability. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Speaker: In a sense, the speaker is all the victims of hate crimes because the article states that more research is needed on this topic; it is not a very popular crime but some people feel that it should be addressed with more attention. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Tone: formal, informative <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Quote: (hate crime definition) “‘a criminal offense committed against a person, property, or society that is motivated, in whole or in part, by the offender’s bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity/national origin.’” <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Quote: “A large body of research exists on prejudice and bias, but it does not explain why prejudice prompts people to commit a hate crime.” <span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Source: <span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/iie/v5n2/ <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Name: Danielle Staffin <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Author: Marilyn Edelstein <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Subject: This article weighs the speech regulations on college campuses with the right of free speech for all US citizens in the constitution. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Occasion: Examples are given in this article that show other codes schools have adopted that could technically be infringing on student’s basic rights such as plagiarism, residency, and alcohol use, but these regulations could also be seen as developing the rights of free ideas for the students and creating a better, healthier learning environment. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Audience: Anyone who wants to weigh whether or not political correctness takes away the rights of citizens. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Purpose: This article shows that speech codes can be put into place without infringing on the rights of the students. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Speaker: The author is Marilyn Edelstein, but the speakers of this article could also be seen as the people who support political correctness. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Tone: formal, informative <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Quote: “We want anti-harassment policies to be carefully and narrowly drawn to avoid infringing on free speech or academic freedom.” <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Quote: “Free play of ideas is not the same as a free-for-all of insults.”

http://thefire.org/code/whatarespeechcodes/ Emily Howarth No Author Stated __**Purpose:**__ To increase readers intelligence on the issue of Speech Codes and what they potentially do and are. __**Speaker:**__ The writer, and any sources the writer used. __**Tone:**__ Influential, enlightening "FIRE defines a "speech code" as any university regulation or policy that prohibits expression that would be protected by the First Amendment in society at large." "These attitudes stay with students long after graduation."
 * __Subject:__** Speech Codes outweigh benefits, what are Speech Codes?
 * __Occasion:__** To indicate how over the years many colleges have created Speech Codes. Another occasion is our class researching this topic for out debates.
 * __Audience:__** Readers who are learning about Speech Codes. The writer of this article and anybody who might have read it to advice it.

http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/iie/v5n2/codes.html Emily Howarth No Author Stated __**Subject:**__ Free Speech: Campus Hate Speech Codes __**Occasion:**__ To any reader who is trying to find an example on this debate. __**Audience:**__ Readers who are learning about Speech Codes and are trying to find examples to argue from there view. __**Purpose:**__ To explain to readers how there is a Speech Code at Emory University. __**Speaker:**__ The writer, and any source the writer used. __**Tone:**__ Opinionated, influential "At Emory University, certain conduct that is permissible off campus is not allowed on campus." "Some codes, including Emory's, prohibit speech or conduct that creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive educational environment."

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/greg-lukianoff/the-good-and-the-bad-news_b_385511.html Emily Howarth Greg Lukianoff "The good news is there has been a notable drop in the percentage of colleges that have speech codes on the books. "The bad news is over 70% of surveyed colleges and universities still maintain laughably unconstitutional codes under First Amendment Standards." <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Georgia,Century,Times,serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Georgia,Century,Times,serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Georgia,Century,Times,serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Georgia,Century,Times,serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: left;"> DAVID L. HUDSON JR.
 * __Subject:__** The Good and the Bad News about Campus Speech Codes
 * __Occasion:__** To discuss how Speech Codes can have both a positive and negative effect, and give examples of both.
 * __Audience:__** Readers, or anyone who is trying to improve there knowledge on the topic of Speech Codes.
 * __Purpose:__** To discuss how Speech Codes can have a positive and negative effect.
 * __Speaker:__** Writer, and his sources.
 * __Tone:__** Influential, optimistic.